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Lex Fridman · 2026-01-31

State of AI in 2026: LLMs, Coding, Scaling Laws, China, Agents, GPUs, AGI | Lex Fridman Podcast #490

State of AI in 2026: LLMs, Coding, Scaling Laws, China, Agents, GPUs, AGI | Lex Fridman Podcast #490

Recommended on this episode

BookRecommendedISBN verified

Build a Large Language Model from Scratch

Sebastian Raschka

“two books I highly recommend”
“Sebastian is the author of two books I highly recommend for beginners and experts alike. First is Build a Large Language Model from Scratch”— Lex Fridman
BookRecommended

Build a Reasoning Model from Scratch

Sebastian Raschka

“two books I highly recommend”
“two books I highly recommend for beginners and experts alike. First is Build a Large Language Model from Scratch and Build a Reasoning Model from Scratch”— Lex Fridman
BookRecommendedISBN verified

Season of the Witch

David Talbot (inferred)

“It's a great book, Season of the Witch. I recommend it”
“It's a great book, Season of the Witch. I recommend it. A bunch of my SF friends who get out recommended it to me.”— Nathan Lambert
ProductRecommended

Claude Code

Anthropic

“Claude Code is way better in that domain. It's remarkable”
“You can select the same models on all of them and ask questions, and it's very interesting. Claude Code is way better in that domain. It's remarkable.”— Lex Fridman
ProductRecommended

Cursor Composer

Anysphere (inferred)

“I use Composer a lot because one of the benefits it has is that it's fast”
“I should say I use Composer a lot because one of the benefits it has is that it's fast.”— Lex Fridman
ProductRecommended

Grok 4 Heavy

xAI

“I find that it's the best at”
“I actually do use Grok 4 Heavy for debugging. For like hardcore debugging that the other ones can't solve, I find that it's the best at.”— Sebastian Raschka

The guest's own work

BookBy the guest

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

Nathan Lambert

“Nathan is the post-training lead at the Allen Institute for AI, author of the definitive book on Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback”— Lex Fridman

Also referenced (named, not recommended)

BookReferencedISBN verified

Apple in China

Patrick McGee

“The book Apple in China by Patrick McGee, he talked about how hard the Apple engineers worked to set up the supply chains in China”— Nathan Lambert
ProductReferenced

Cursor

Anysphere (inferred)

“I use basically half-and-half Cursor and Claude Code, because they're fundamentally different experiences and both are useful.”— Lex Fridman
ProductReferenced

Claude Opus 4.5

Anthropic

“for code and any sort of philosophical discussion, I use Claude Opus 4.5. Also always with extended thinking.”— Nathan Lambert
ProductReferenced

ChatGPT

OpenAI

“for my personal usage, most of the time when I look something up, I use ChatGPT to ask a quick question, get the information I wanted fast.”— Sebastian Raschka
ProductReferenced

Gemini

Google

“I use Gemini for fast things or stuff that I could sometimes Google, which is it's good at explaining things and the Gemini app has gotten a lot better”— Nathan Lambert
ProductReferenced

GPT-5.2 Pro

OpenAI

“I will only use GPT-5.2 Thinking or Pro when I'm finding any sort of information query for work, whether that's a paper or some code reference”— Nathan Lambert
ProductReferenced

Codeium

Codeium (inferred)

“I use the Codeium plugin for VS Code. You know, it's very convenient. It's just like a plugin, and then it's a chat interface that has access to your repository.”— Sebastian Raschka
ProductReferenced

Codex

OpenAI

“Codex can often be as good from OpenAI, but it just feel a little bit rough around the edges. Whereas Claude Code makes it fun to build things from scratch”— Nathan Lambert
ProductReferenced

Perplexity

Perplexity AI

“I should say, going to Perplexity here, Sebastian Raschka is a machine learning researcher and author known for several influential books.”— Lex Fridman
MediaReferenced

The Legend of Zelda

Nintendo (inferred)

“Sometimes for pastime I play video games, like I like video games with puzzles, like Zelda and Metroid.”— Nathan Lambert
MediaReferenced

Metroid

Nintendo (inferred)

“Sometimes for pastime I play video games, like I like video games with puzzles, like Zelda and Metroid.”— Nathan Lambert